Bloch Arena and the USS Arizona Memorial


Satellite view of MWR Bloch Arena - Pearl Harbor, Hawaii - 2007
Photo © Microsoft Corporation © EathData

Bloch Center (including the Arena) opened at the Pearl Harbor Navy Yard in Hawaii in August of 1941. It was built for the recreation of the servicemen of the United States Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor.  There they could drink beer, play billiards or pool, and meet friends who were stationed on other ships.  It was named for Admiral Claude Charles Bloch.  Admiral Bloch, a graduate of the United States Naval Academy in 1899, had served as the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet from 1938 to January 6, 1940.  He was in command of the local Naval District at Pearl Harbor at the time of the attack.1


MWR Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard

The Arena is an elongated octagonal structure with a hardwood flooring surrounded by bleacher style seating, much like a large gymnasium.  The entire structure has open windows at the top and vented walls just below, with the actual floor beneath ground level.  The serviceman also attended boxing matches, movies and other competitive events held there. One such event was the "Battle of Music 1941". 


MWR Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard

The Battle of Music 1941 began on September 13, 1941.  It was held at Bloch Arena every two weeks and featured four Navy bands from "capitol ships" home ported in Pearl Harbor and those attached to shore installations in Hawaii in each round of the tournament with one winner per round selected to perform in the final competition.  The first and second place winners were to compete in the semi-finals, with the first and second place winners of those contests to compete in the final contest to be held on December 20th.  Each band performed a swing number, a ballad and one specialty tune and then played for the jitterbug contest.

 
USS Arizona’s Last Band - USN Band #22 at Bloch Arena - Nov. 22, 1941
Photo USS Arizona Memorial Archives courtesy Molly Kent

The most recognized and highly decorated Navy Band associated with Hawaii was Unit Band 22, formed in January of 1941 and assigned to the Pennsylvania-class battleship, USS Arizona in May.  Arizona's band competed in the first contest on September 13th.  The winners of that contest were the bands from the USS Arizona and USS California.  The Arizona band then competed in the first semi-final contest held on November 22nd.  Winners of that contest were the bands from the Marine Barracks and the Arizona.

The second semi-final contest was held on December 6th.  Winners of that contest were the bands from the USS Pennsylvania and the USS Tennessee.  The final contest scheduled for December 20th would have featured the bands from the Marine Barracks and Arizona, Pennsylvania and Tennessee. The contest was, of course, never finished.1


Pearl Harbor - Oct. 30, 1941
Photo courtesy National Archives (NARA)

On Sunday, December 7, 1941, shortly before 8 A.M., the base at Pearl Harbor was attacked by a carrier task force with a greater aerial striking power than had ever been seen on the World's oceans.  The attack came in two waves and lasted for over two hours.

The USS Arizona was moored when she was attacked by horizontal bombers which struck her with several bombs. Some of these caused damage to her after and midships areas, but their effects were minor compared with what resulted from one that penetrated beside her forward turrets.  The resultant massive explosion of her magazines utterly devastated the battleship from in front of her first turret back into her machinery spaces. Her sides were blown out and the turrets, conning tower, and much of the superstructure dropped several feet into her wrecked hull. This tipped her foremast forward, giving the wreck its distinctive appearance.


USS Arizona burning as seen from the USS Solace - Dec. 7, 1941
Photo courtesy USS Arizona Memorial Archives

Blazing furiously, Arizona quickly settled to the bottom of Pearl Harbor, a total loss.  A total 1177 of her crew (sailors and marines) were killed, including Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, Commander Battleship Division One, the ship's Commanding Officer, Captain Franklin Van Valkenburgh and the entire USS Arizona Band, while at battle stations passing ammunition under gun turret number one.  This represented the greatest loss of life in U.S. Naval history and accounted for more than half of the servicemen killed there that day.  The Arizona burned for more than two days.2


USS Arizona sunk and burning
Official U.S. Navy Photograph courtesy National Archives (NARA)

The attack severely damaged or destroyed 12 American warships (five of the eight battleships at Pearl Harbor were sunk or sinking, with the rest damaged), destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,335 American servicemen and 68 civilians.  However, the Pacific Fleet's three aircraft carriers were not in port and so were undamaged, as were the base's vital oil tank farms, submarine pens, and machine shops. Using these resources, the United States was able to rebound within a year.3

There was never much expectation that the shattered wreck of the Arizona could be raised and returned to service. Though consideration was given to cutting loose the ship's relatively intact after portion and refloating it, divers' examinations of the wreck indicated that the work involved would not be worthwhile.  Initially, about 105 bodies were removed, but because the ship was never raised, the remainder could not be.  The ship's hull was left where it sank, a tomb for many of the men who lost their lives with her, considered by the Navy as burial at sea.2


The sunken USS Arizona lacked a fitting tribute to its significance
Photo courtesy USS Arizona Memorial Archives

After the end of World War II, many individuals recognized the need for a memorial to the dead of December 7, 1941. In 1946, Mr. Tucker Gratz, a prominent Oahu businessman, spearheaded civilian efforts toward the creation of a shrine to the sunken battleship USS Arizona, which led to the creation of the Pacific War Memorial Commission (PWMC) in 1949. The PWMC was tasked with the creation of permanent World War II tributes in Hawaii, including a monument to those killed in the December 7th attack. Navy leaders also sought a memorial to the sailors who died on the USS Arizona.4


Admiral Arthur Radford attends December 7 ceremonies, 1950
Official U.S. Navy Photograph courtesy National Archives (NARA)

On March 7, 1950, Admiral Arthur Radford, the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, ordered the construction of a wooden platform and flag mast on the boat deck of the ravaged USS Arizona and that an American flag be raised and lowered daily over her.  He also requested funding for the creation of a shrine over the USS Arizona both in 1950 and 1951, but the funding was not available due to Korean War commitments. The combined remembrance efforts of the civilian and military were finally realized when President Eisenhower signed Public Law 85-344, authorizing the creation of the USS Arizona Memorial on March 15, 1958.4


USS Bennington passes the wreck of USS Arizona on Memorial Day, 31 May 1958
Official U.S. Navy Photograph courtesy National Archives (NARA)

The public law stipulated that the monument had to be built without federal funding. The Pacific War Memorial Commission was tasked with raising the $500,000 required to build the structure. Several organizations and individuals helped in the effort to raise the required amount. In 1958, the Territory of Hawaii contributed the initial $50,000.4


Ralph Edwards with Admiral Fuqua's family and friends surrounding him
Photo courtesy Arizona Memorial Museum Association

On December 3rd, 1958 the popular television series, “This is Your Life” hosted by Ralph Edwards featured Samuel Fuqua, Medal of Honor recipient and the senior surviving officer from the USS Arizona. This broadcast kicked off the public fundraising campaign. Over $95,000 was raised for the new permanent structure.4


Blueprints for the USS Arizona Memorial
Photo courtesy Arizona Memorial Museum Association

Alfred Preis, of the architectural firm Johnson, Perkins and Preis Associates of Honolulu was awarded the commission to design the Memorial in August, 1959.  The Navy began site preparation in early 1960 after the PWMC released $250,000 for the project.  In October the Walker-Moody Construction company won the contract to build the Memorial.  As construction progressed, some of the wreckage of the ship was removed to make way for the new memorial. This material is still stored at a Navy facility on Waipio Peninsula.4


Thurston Twigg-Smith and George Chaplin
Photo courtesy Honolulu Advertiser library

In late 1960 the memorial fund was still well short of its $500,000 goal. The editor of the Honolulu Advertiser, George Chaplin, volunteered to help by writing about 1,500 letters to the editors of daily papers across the nation. He asked them to help the fund drive by publishing stories about the Arizona Memorial project and ask their readers to send contributions to the fund. Among those papers that responded was the Los Angeles Examiner.5


Concert ad courtesy Elvis Picture Sleeve Place Gallery

Colonel Tom Parker, read the Examiner editorial and immediately telephoned Chaplin and said: "I know a young man whose services can be a big help."  He offered an Elvis benefit performance in Hawaii for the Arizona Memorial to coincide with Elvis' scheduled movie location work there for "Blue Hawaii".  His single condition, and in this he was inflexible, was that all ticket proceeds must go directly to the memorial fund.  He insisted that any overhead be covered from other sources.  The Honolulu Advertiser reported that Tucker Gratz said the Colonel came to Hawaii and set up the show.  "We were $10,000 short," said Gratz. "We made an agreement with Parker that he and Elvis would raise $5,000 if the War Memorial Commission would raise the other $5,000..."

The show was scheduled for Sunday, March 25, 1961 at 8.30 P.M. at Bloch Arena. There were 4000 tickets sold in the price range from $3.00 to $10.00.  100 of the 300 $100 tickets were reserved for a special ringside section in the arena, 30 of these tickets were bought by Elvis and the Colonel for patients and corpsmen from Tripler Army Hospital.  Scotty remembers that even he and DJ bought their own tickets to attend.  The Colonel saw to it that no one got in without a ticket.


Elvis and fans at LA airport prior to departing for Honolulu
Photo courtesy Elvis Presley Unseen Archives

The Colonel had also asked Minnie Pearl, the "undisputed queen of country comedy and Grand Ole Opry star", to be on the show.  Besides Scotty, DJ and the Jordanaires, the band was supplemented with their current Nashville A Team recording line up: Bob Moore on bass, Boots Randolph on sax, Floyd Cramer on piano and Hank Garland on guitar.  Bob remembers that they had a party at Elvis' house in Los Angeles the night before they left for Hawaii.


throngs of fans at the Honolulu International Airport awaiting Elvis' arrival
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012


At Honolulu International airport for Elvis' arrival
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Elvis and company arrive in Honolulu
Photo courtesy FECC


Elvis arrives in Honolulu
Photo © EPE, replaced Aug. 9, 2012

On March 25, the day of the show, they flew from Los Angeles to Honolulu on Pan American Airlines.  Minnie Pearl recalled that (General) Jimmy Stewart, the famous actor, was also on that flight and that Elvis, a longtime fan of his, asked her if she thought it would be out of order if he went over and talked to him.  She told him she thought he'd enjoy it so Elvis walked over to his seat, introduced himself and they conversed for a time. They arrived at Honolulu International Airport at 12:15 P.M.


Elvis (lower left) at Honolulu International Airport
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Elvis is greeted by the fans and presented Leis
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Elvis is greeted by the fans and presented Leis
Photo © EPE, replaced Aug. 9, 2012


Minnie Pearl, Elvis and Hal Wallis depart the airport
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012


Minnie, Elvis and the Colonel make their way through the crowd at the hotel
Photo courtesy Ger Rijff


Elvis and Minnie make their way through the crowd at the hotel
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Elvis at the Hawaiian Hilton Hotel
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012

Scotty had made several stops in Pearl Harbor while serving in the Navy, so the trip had a homecoming feel to it for him.  "You feel this air of tranquility there," he said.  "It's restful.  It's in the air."  When they arrived at the airport there were over 3000 not so restful fans waiting to greet and see Elvis and the air was anything but tranquil.


Elvis arrives at the press conference
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Elvis at the press conference in the Carousel Room
Photo courtesy FECC


Elvis and the colonel at the press conference
Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Al Dvorin, the Colonel and Elvis at the press conference
Photo ?, added Aug. 10, 2012

That afternoon there was a press conference in the Carousel Room at the Hawaiian Village Hotel that included newsmen, photographers and a hand-picked group of 27 high school and middle school reporters.  The Sunday Adviser reported, "Elvis answered questions with a matter-of-fact mumble" and "The Colonel, Tom Parker, supplied the punch lines that brought laughter and applause from the student reporters."  At the conference Elvis was also presented a few awards for his benefit performance that would take place that evening.



Elvis with his U.S.S. Arizona Memorial "Award of Honor" and H. Tucker Gratz
(click to listen to the award presentation courtesy the Elvis in Hawaii website)
Photo © EPE, replaced Aug. 17, 2012 courtesy Ray Sandla


Elvis with fans at the press conference
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012


Elvis with fans at the press conference
Photo courtesy Navy Times, added Aug. 29, 2012


Elvis with the "Outstanding American Award" and fans at the press conference
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012

It was the first and only time that Bob Moore had actually performed with Elvis onstage though he seems to recall attending the performance in Tupelo in 1957 when Hank Garland performed.  He was horrified at the concert and had never seen anything like it with all the girls screaming and the fans grabbing at them as if they were trying to get a piece of them.

Union contract for Sterling Mossman/band from the files of Al Dvorin - Mar. 23, 1961

According to Dvorin's accounting, Mossman and his band were paid  $350 for the gig, the Phil Ingalls Orchestra $330, Scotty, DJ, the Jordanaires and each member of the band from Nashville were paid $100 and Minnie Pearl $1000.

courtesy Heritage Auctions, added Aug. 9, 2012


Show Lineup from the files of Al Dvorin - Mar. 25, 1961
courtesy Heritage Auctions, added Aug. 9, 2012


the stage at Bloch Arena

Photo © EPE, added Aug. 10, 2012


The crowd waits at Bloch Arena

Photo © EPE, added Aug. 10, 2012


Minnie Pearl performs on stage at Bloch Arena
Photo courtesy Robert Gordon's "The King on The Road"

According to the Advertiser, the show was opened by the Phil Ingall Orchestra, a brassy combo that the audience lapped up. Soon the audience clapped along in time to the music. Then Sterling Mossman and his group performed Polynesian songs and launched a comedy routine that brought titters and giggles from the $100 seats.  Floyd Cramer then performed a piano solo followed by the Jordanaires and then Boots who performed his staple "Yackety Sax".  Minnie Pearl closed out the first half.


Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo
replaced with personal collection Aug. 10, 2012


Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo © EPE, replaced Aug. 9, 2012


Bob Moore, the Jordanaires and Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site

After the break, Rear Admiral Robert L. Campbell, Commandant of 14th Naval District, read a telegram from the Secretary of the Navy which said of Elvis: "The generosity and public spirited zeal with which you donate your services to the Arizona Memorial Fund tonight are deeply appreciated by all of us in the Navy."  Introducing him Admiral Campbell said, "Our Honored guest tonight is a fine American. He has had many starring roles.  In one of these roles, his role as a soldier in the U.S. Army, his performance was outstanding, and it's a great pleasure, to welcome him here, and to present to you... Elvis Presley."


Boots Randolph and Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Scotty, Boots Randolph and Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo courtesy Joe Tunzi's Elvis in Gold, added Aug. 9, 2012

When Elvis took the stage, wearing his Gold Lame jacket (for the last time) with dark blue trousers and a white shirt and a blue string tie the teenagers screamed for almost a minute and a half without let-up.  Elvis then in imitation and fun, screamed back.  The concert was one of the longest sets Elvis had played in awhile, forty five minutes.  They performed 15 songs, opening with Heartbreak Hotel and closing with Hound Dog.


Elvis onstage at Bloch Arena
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 9, 2012


Scotty, Bob, Elvis and the Jordanaires
Photo courtesy Bob Moore


Elvis and the Jordanaires onstage at Bloch Arena
Photo © EPE, added Aug. 10, 2012

According to the Advertiser, Gratz, of the PWMC, said, "This occasion is a dream come true after 16 years. Tonight is the most important event in this effort..."  When the proceeds were finally tallied, the memorial fund was $64,696.73 richer and the Memorial was lodged more permanently in the public consciousness.5


Scotty and Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site


Scotty and Elvis at Bloch Arena

Photo courtesy Elvis in Hawaii site

It had been seven years since Elvis, Scotty and Bill, had made their debut performance.  Bill Black last performed live with the band at their last performance of the 1950s on November 11, 1957 at the Conroy Bowl at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii (after which he appeared and recorded with them in the movie King Creole).  Though Scotty would record with Elvis through most of the sixties it would be seven more years before Scotty and Elvis would perform on a stage together again.  They, along with DJ, would perform to a smaller studio audience during the filming of the 1968 NBC Special.  It would then be the last time they performed together and the last time that Scotty would see Elvis.  The Arizona benefit was also the last time Scotty has seen Hawaii.


Floyd, Bob and Hank at the Punchbowl (The National Memorial Cemetery in Oahu)
Photo by Walter Omori courtesy Bob Moore

DJ, Boots and Scotty flew back the day after the show but Bob, Floyd, Hank and Minnie stayed on for several days.  Filming for Blue Hawaii began the next day and Bob recalls being at a section of the beach roped off for shooting and beginning a lifelong friendship with a young local man, Walter Omori, when he intervened with a policeman that was forcefully trying to eject him.  Just a fan trying to watch, Bob thought the policeman was being too rough and informed him that Walter was with them and had the right to be there.  Walter, in appreciation, left them wanting for nothing during the rest of their stay even providing them transportation to sites of the Island that they normally would not see, including the Punch Bowl.



Revell scale model of the USS Arizona

The Fleet Reserve Association (FRA) had also partnered with the Revell Model Company to sell plastic models of the battleship USS Arizona.  Enclosed inside the kit was donation information on the instruction sheet.  This led to a contribution of over $40,000.  Finally, on September 6th, 1961, freshman Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye secured federal funding, which contributed the final $150,000 to complete the construction.  In the end, public money was required to meet the goal of the PWMC.  The legislation stated that the Memorial was “to be maintained in honor and commemoration of the members of the Armed Forces of the United States who gave their lives to their country during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941.”4


USS Arizona Memorial with Ford Island in the background - May 29, 1962
Official U.S. Navy Photograph courtesy National Archives (NARA)


The marble northwestern interior wall of the memorial - Jan. 24, 1963
Official U.S. Navy Photograph by PH2 Thomas courtesy National Archives (NARA)

Construction of the USS Arizona Memorial was completed in 1961 for a total cost of $532,000.00 and was officially dedicated on Memorial Day, May 30, 1962.  The structure is 184 feet long, 36 feet wide and 21 feet high at the ends, tapering to 27 feet wide and 14 feet high at the center.  A visitor center was opened on the shore in 1980, at which time the Navy turned the operation of the Memorial over to the National Park Service. Tours to the sunken remains of the battleship Arizona are accessible only from the visitor center. Today, it is one of the most recognized and most visited memorials in America.  Since its dedication in 1962, approximately 40 million visitors from all nations have gone to the Memorial in a spirit of remembrance, reflection and reconciliation.


Photo © Microsoft Corporation © EarthData


Photo © Microsoft Corporation © EarthData


MWR Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard


Bldg. 161, Fitness Center at Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard

Bloch Arena is still an active facility of the Navy at Pearl Harbor and is part of its "Morale, Welfare and Relaxation" (MWR) program.  The Fitness Center at Bloch Arena is located at Building 161.  Free weights, resistance machines, cardio equipment, shower & locker rooms, saunas, basketball, racquetball and volleyball courts, personal training, group exercise classes, massage therapy, child care and numerous fitness clinics/workshops can be found there in the Bloch Complex.


Bldg. 161, Fitness Center Lobby at Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard


Remembering Elvis at Bloch Arena - Dec. 2007
Photo courtesy Jillian Rickard

In the lobby entrance to the Fitness Center you will see a small showcase set inside the wall acknowledging the benefit performance by Elvis and the band in 1961.  The arena itself is still used as it always has been, for the recreation and entertainment of service personnel and competitive events like boxing and basketball.  It appears very much as it did during the "Battle of Music" in 1941.


Surface Navy Association basketball tournament at Bloch Arena - Jan. 2007
USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class James E. Foehl


Surface Navy Association boxing match at Bloch Arena - Jan. 2007
USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class James E. Foehl

In the weeks following the infamous attack, all the bands that had participated in the "Battle of Music" voted to posthumously award the tournament trophy to Unit Band 22, renaming it the "Arizona Trophy."  This was a fitting tribute to the heroic members of the band who died that infamous morning.  Unit Band 22 now stands the eternal watch onboard the USS Arizona for all sea service bands.6  The Arizona Trophy is on display at the Memorial's Visitor Center.


Arizona Band Trophy on display
Photo courtesy Arizona Memorial Museum Association

The USS Arizona Memorial is a permanent shrine to those Americans who lost their lives in the attack on Pearl Harbor and in the great Pacific War that began there.


Sunset lights the Memorial
Photo by Daniel Martinez courtesy Arizona Memorial Museum Association

Upon this sacred spot, we honor the specific heroes who surrendered their lives. . . .while they were in full bloom, so that we could have our full share of tomorrows.7

 

page added December 7, 2007

 

1 USS Arizona's Last Band by Molly Kent
2 Naval Historical Center
3 Pearl Harbor Warships
4 Arizona Memorial Museum Association
5 Creating the Pearl Harbor Memorial - Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund 
6 United States Pacific Fleet Band
7 Olin F. Teague, Chairman, Veterans Affairs Committee. - May 30, 1962

Special thanks to the Elvis in Hawaii website for the use of some of their resources pertaining to "Elvis in Hawaii" for this concert.

We are very sorry to hear of the passing of our friend Molly Kent on July 26, 2020. She was a great lady and we are in debt to her for her patronage, assistance and contributions to this page and to her and her family's service and sacrifice for our Country. May she rest in peace.


The USS Arizona Memorial's museum is the world's leading repository of the history, artifacts, documents and research related to the attack on Pearl Harbor and early WWII in the Pacific.  The facility built in 1980 is experiencing severe structural damage and though it was designed to settle overtime into its landfill, the facility has sunk over 30 inches into Pearl Harbor, far exceeding expectations.

While the project to build the new Pearl Harbor Memorial Museum & Visitor Center is progressing, additional funding is desperately needed.  And while the Department of Interior and many large corporations have committed to this cause, it is obvious that they need the help of every American.  Your gift, no matter the size, will be greatly appreciated and recognized. Consider joining this campaign and making a gift to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund.  Please Donate Today!


USS Arizona’s Last Band: The History of US Navy Band Number 22 by Molly Kent details the life and death of the members of the last US Navy band ever to serve aboard the USS Arizona. As the sister of Mus 2/c C. R. Williams, a member of USS Arizona's Last Band, Molly Kent is well qualified to write the history of this ill-fated US Navy Band.

This book can be purchased directly from
Silent Song Publishing
(913) 287-5797

 



H. Tucker Grantz, Rear Adm. Henry S. Persons and Elvis at the memorial - 1965
Photo courtesy Jerry Hopkins' Elvis in Hawaii

In 1965, three years after the dedication, Elvis for the first time saw the monument he helped get off the ground and into the water.  He and Parker stepped onto the shrine and honored the Arizona dead with two 5-foot high red and white carnation wreaths.  One, bearing a gold-ribbon inscription, "Gone but not forgotten," was made with exactly 1,177 carnations, one in honor of each of the lost officers and men.  Prior to filming the NBC-TV Special  in June of 1968, Elvis vacationed in Hawaii again and again visited the Memorial.

Molly Kent, the author of "USS Arizona's Last Band" when initially consulted for this page asked me to thank Scotty and the others "for their participation in the Elvis Presley concert in Hawaii. That concert made it possible for the Memorial to be built. After Elvis gave his concert to help the Arizona Memorial, my father absolutely worshipped Elvis.  He would sit for hours listening to his Elvis records, many times with tears on his cheeks.  Those of us who have loved ones still serving aboard the USS Arizona thank them very much."

December 9, 2007

 

All photos on this site (that we didn't borrow) unless otherwise indicated are the property of either Scotty Moore or James V. Roy and unauthorized use or reproduction is prohibited.

 
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This site created and managed by James V. Roy for Scotty Moore with the sole intent to help promote the arts and history of American popular music and Scotty's major role in it. Every attempt was made to give credit for any images or text borrowed from the World Wide Web and we greatly appreciate the use of it. Technical difficulties or questions dealing with this Server should be addressed to the Webmaster. Copyright © 2002, 2025